MILD® Percutaneous Image-Guided Lumbar Decompression is a study to see how safe and effective a procedure called MILD is for people with lower back issues, specifically Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) which causes narrowing in the spine. This study follows patients for 24 months after they have the procedure. It uses Medicare claims data to check how many people need further surgery or face any problems after the procedure. There are two groups in the study: one getting MILD treatment and the other getting a different but similar procedure known as Interspinous Process Decompression (IPD). The study does not need approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or patient consent because it uses existing data. Patients are automatically enrolled when their MILD claims include the study's NCT number.

• Study duration: 24 months follow-up
• No need for extra hospital visits; uses existing Medicare data
• No direct compensation for participants