This study aims to understand the long-term health of people with Down syndrome after treatment for acute leukemia (a type of cancer affecting blood cells). People with Down syndrome often have more side effects during cancer treatment, but we are unsure about their long-term health risks. The study will help develop care guidelines to improve life quality for these individuals. Researchers will compare health issues in leukemia survivors with those in Down syndrome individuals who never had cancer. This includes studying chronic health conditions (CHC), neuropsychological (brain function) outcomes, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Participants may give saliva samples and undergo health assessments.

• The study is open to individuals aged 6-40 years who have completed cancer treatment at least 3 years ago.
• Participants must have Down syndrome and have survived acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
• All participants or their guardians must give consent and complete necessary forms in English or Spanish.

Note: Individuals who have had a stem cell transplant or other cancers are not eligible.